Capitol Lake

The history Of the lake goes all the way back to 1951 , when a dam was built, as well as a concrete passage on 5th Avenue. The initial design was too construct a man-made lake though a dam with underwater mudflats. The dam was finally constructed to help renew a part of Bud Inlet shores that was in deterioration. Many years later in the year of 1997, a team of representatives was formed to study the problems of the lake. In 2009, an endorsement was made for the future of preserving the lake. One issue among Capitol Lake is the sediment that comes and reconciles to he bottom of the lake.Over 35,000 cubic yards a year of sediment travel into the lake a year! This means now that the lake is 21 % smaller than it was when it was created. This small amount of water is turning the lake into a swamp. Since the capacity of water in the Capitol Lake is much smaller than it was before, the temperature in the lake is getting much higher. The shallow waters cause the lake to heat up much quicker. These high temperatures support aquatic weeds to grow in abundance, and put anxiety on the fish and other marine life.Another problem among Capitol Lake is the water quality. Phosphorus and bacteria are both found in the water, posing a negative effect to the lake. The high levels of phosphorus promote the growth of algae. Oxygen is also used up for marine life in the lake, by algae that putrefy. As well as fecal chloroform bacteria are found among the lake, that wash into the lake and can be very harmful to health. Lastly, the lake has invasive species. Eurasian million weeds crowd the shoreline for native plants, reducing populations of native fish and other species.The New Zealand Mutandis is also another invasive species which is taking over the habitat and native snails which depend on food. As you can see Capitol Lake is very polluted and unhealthy. But there are solutions. The Descartes Estuary Restoration Team (DEER) and the Capitol Lake Improvement & Protective Association (CLIP) have both proposed suitable ideas to save the future of Capitol Lake. The first possibility by DEER would be to remove the dam, letting Capitol Lake and the Descartes River to meet and create an estuary, like it was back in the sass.The benefits of an estuary are that it would return everything to a natural presence. An estuary would give the lake and opportunity to flush and purify. It would also result in the temperature of the water to drop, greatly reducing algae population. Removal of the dam would also result in a possibility of the invasive species not surviving as well as young salmon would be able to access the estuary. Water quality would improve, as bacteria would decrease. Lastly, it would show an increase in native wildlife and different recreation.Establishing the estuary would result in over 114 million dollars, and without sediment rearrangements. Further cost details and endowments are still being inquired. The idea by CLIP would be to keep the lake as a lak e, but to dredge and clean it as needed; this would tidy the lake without having to remove the dam. The benefits of keeping the lake, would be hold the lake as one of the â€Å"Jewels of Thornton County as well as a major part of the State Capitol Campus. The lake very much protects the downtown area of Olympia by controlling floods.Opening the dam would result in smelly mudflats, as well as change the Marina and Boating Recreation. Keeping the lake as it is also would prevent an increase of sediment flow into the Bud Inlet. Culpa also believes that keeping the lake would prevent Nitrogen and Phosphorus from accessing the river. The also lake supports the local economy and local events such as Lake Fair, and is a key location for tourism in the Olympia area. Financially, this plan would cost about million dollars over a fifty year period. This includes mainly dredging, renewal of habitat, and dredging.This project would be paid from partnerships and state funding such as the City o f Olympia, Marine and Yacht Club, and Port of Olympia. So as you can see both proposals, have their pros and cons. Based on these two main ideas have researched about, I believe that the Capitol Lake Improvement & Protection Association (CLIP) is the best plan for the future of Capitol Lake. The lake is truly a major icon to Olympia and if an estuary were to open, the beauty and tourist attraction the lake delivers would greatly reduce.For example, if the dam were to be taken away, what would happen o Likelier and other large city events? Traditional events and activities by the lake might not even happen anymore if it becomes an estuary. But most importantly based off scientific evidence, removing the dam, would result in smelly tidal mudflats. Nobody wants a stench that will wander the air every time they go outside. As World War II veteran who grew up in Olympia (who has experienced these mudflats), Dick Seward, explains â€Å"The Mudflats and any water in the area had a stench that I'll never forget.All this pollution is what nearly killed off the Oysters†. So as you can see the smell really isn't pleasing. Creating an estuary would also greatly increase the flow of sediment, and Nitrogen into Bud Inlet, which shouldn't be there. CLIP'S proposal is half the price as well, and will save a lot of money. So who wants an unbearable terrible stench that will fill up the atmosphere? Why should the harmful chemicals be brought up to Bud Inlet and the Descartes River? Why should we risk the future of our economy and one of our main tourist attractions?

Planning Function within the Different Levels of Management in Organizations Essay

Management of a business involves the four general functions of making plans, organizing, exercising leadership, and fostering coordination. Planning constitutes the process of determining goals and objectives, identifying strategies and techniques, and accessing or allocating the necessary resources to support implementation. Plans integrate the competencies and resources of the organization relative to the map of the actions designed and intended to achieve goals and objectives. Daft, 2000) As a fundamental management process, planning occurs at the different levels of the business organization. Planning at Different Levels of Management Management levels can be hierarchical or functional. Hierarchical levels of management refer to the chain of command in the organizational structure reflecting the designation of decision-making, reporting and accountability. Functional levels of management pertain to management roles according to function. Daft, 2000) Generally, there are two hierarchical levels of management, the senior management and front line management. Senior management takes charge of strategic planning since the focus is conceptual, directional and visionary plans encompassing the direction of future actions, the expected outcomes, the availability and utilization of resources, and contingency ideas for issues likely to emerge. The thrust of planning at this level is long-term outcomes. Front line management handles operational planning because the focus is specific, measurable, tactical, and applicable plans covering daily activities and issues such as task assignments, quotas, deadlines, funding, and other day-to-day issues requiring planning. The focus of front line management planning is short-term expectations and outcomes. Although differing in the nature of planning functions, strategic plans provide guidance to operations plan while operational plans influence future strategic planning. Daft, 2000) Functional management involves a wide network of horizontal and vertical levels usually designated into departments and sub-departments or working teams distinguished according to functions. There could be a number of departments in an organization including sales or marketing departments, purchasing department, accounting department, human resources department, and other departments depending on the nature, scope and scale of operation of the business organizatio n. Planning at the department level depends on the respective functions so that the scope of planning covers the designated functions. The sales or marketing department focuses on marketing planning and advertising planning covering goals such as brand equity building, value creation for consumers, distribution, promotional plans, and pricing. The human resource department engages in leadership development, management development, career development, performance, staffing, and training and development planning. The other departments take charge of planning on other function areas. Daft, 2000) The functions of these departments are interconnected since planning done by the marketing department has a link to the competence of human resources especially leadership. Within the departments is a hierarchy, with department managers or directors handling strategic planning and the managers of the different sub-departments or working teams handling operational planning with the plans focusing on functions. Integration of Various Kinds of Plans The overlap between hierarchical and functional management planning reflects the interconnections of various plans. There are also a number of practical reasons for integrating different plans. One is the need to translate a vision and goal into action to support fulfillment (Griffin & Thomas, 1999). In the case of strategic and operational plans, strategic plans are conceptual in nature providing a guide or picture of the expected outcome while operational plans are practical by focusing on particular actions and techniques that support movement towards the achievement of envisioned concepts (Daft, 2000). As such, integrating strategic and operational plans ensure that action finds guidance from the vision and goals translate into specific actions directed towards actualization. Another is the likely interconnectedness of plans. With regard to functional management, a plan requires alignment with other plans to ensure successful realization. (Griffin & Thomas, 1999). Customer service forms part of marketing planning and human resource planning so that training plans under the HR department should coincide with marketing plans for value creation. Last is the essence of organizations as a single unit made up of different parts that need to work together to sustain the body. Successful organizations are those with aligned or integrated plans. Real Life Application Successful planning doe not only require integration but also relevance to changing market conditions. Strategic plans could change in order to make the organization more responsive to issues. An example is the shift in the strategic plan of Wal-Mart from the vision of a retail store offering the lowest prices to consumers to a store providing employment to thousands of people in impoverished areas (Wal-Mart, 2008). This came as a response to the corporate social responsibility issue of its payment of wages below the minimum wage and resistance to the call of worker groups for unionization. By shifting its strategic plan, Wal-Mart reaffirms its commitment to corporate social responsibility by helping impoverished families with jobs created by establishing stores in these communities. By focusing strategic plans towards communities, the company is able to express its concern not only towards consumers but also to its present and future employees who are members of the community. Conclusion Planning is an important aspect of organizational management. To succeed in planning, it is important to understand how planning occurs at the different management levels of the organization, the importance of integrative planning, and the consideration relevant and responsive planning by adjusting to changes in business context.

Does a Revolution Always Have to Include Terror Essay

The radical leader of the Committee of Public Safety, Robespierre had fanatic and opinionated ideas and beliefs that made him a passionate leader. He believes that to safely go through the stormy revolution, the people’s behavior should be regulated by stormy circumstances, and their plans should be based on the combination of the spirit of revolutionary government and democracy. Virtue, the â€Å"fundamental principle of the democratic government,† was a strong factor of his viewpoint. He thinks that if there is no virtue in the government, then the people’s virtue can be a source, but when the people are corrupted too, there is no chance of winning liberty. These ideas did no harm; they were beneficial and very true. However, he also had radical ideas that were appalling and that weren’t necessarily correct. In his opinion, the people should be lead by reason and the people’s enemies by terror. Robespierre also mentions that a popular government in revolution evolves from virtue and terror. This is his outlook on virtue and terror: â€Å"virtue, without terror is fatal; terror, without which virtue is powerless.† He says, â€Å"the characteristic of popular government is confidence in the people and severity towards itself.† In other words, the popular government has to have confidence in the people and be strict and severe with itself. According to him, terror is the principle of despotic government and he thinks that because of this, the despot may govern by terror his brutalized subjects and subdue by terror the enemies of liberty. Even though these are only his opinions, his perspectives on the use of terror and ruthlessness led him to cause the Reign of Terror and ultimately led him to his execution on July 28, 1794. A revolution doesn’t necessarily have to include terror and the popular government does not have to be ruthless to its people, because then the revolutionaries may lose their supporters (or they may even revolt) and the radicals might have to face more enemies. This was true, because Robespierre’s former followers had him arrested and executed, and the day after the execution, everyone felt relieved. The famous radical leader’s attributes and beliefs led the country into terror and himself to his end.

The Influence of the Professional Sports Leagues Research Paper

The Influence of the Professional Sports Leagues - Research Paper Example Sporting clubs have developed professional governing bodies, which regulate and develop structures that aim at making the sports industry interesting. The aim of the governing bodies is to increase optimum production in the sports industry (KÃ ©senne, 2007: 6). Sports leagues are competitive and are some of the most paying enterprises around the globe. Some of the well-paid personalities are sportsmen. For instance, English Premier League, Champions League, and La-Liga are some of the promising sports leagues that command a lot of profit in the globe. The income that these leagues earn contributes to the GDP of various countries. Rugby, Athletics, Golf, Baseball, Cricket etc are some examples of a sports organization that contributes to the economy. Economists believe the future of the sporting industry has a bright future because the industry does not practice monopoly, which is responsible for poor quality products and high prices witnessed in other commercial sectors. Sports indu stry promotes a free market where the competitiveness of the products influences the quality and prices. Analysts argue that competition in the sports industry is not healthy because of its impact on the labour market (Masteralexis & Hums, 2011:121). In this regard, the rich clubs use high wages to maintain top players in the club, thus gripping top positions in the league. This phenomenon makes favourable competition difficult for the less wealthy clubs, which are not able to buy top players at high market prices. This opportunity makes the wealthy clubs to source for the top players thereby hampering healthy competition in the industry.

Ecology and Environment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ecology and Environment - Research Paper Example Humans are the most advanced organisms in the ecosystem; unlike other organisms that adapt to their environment, humans normally try to make their environment adapt to their needs. In this attempt to unbalance nature, effects of human activities are always more detrimental than any other. These would include such drastic effects as deforestation and the nowadays much publicized global worming.My surrounding is an exciting place full of life and activities. Organisms live and interact with one another freely. However, occasionally, there would always be conflicts within the ecosystem. A highly agricultural terrain with lots of vegetation to show for it, the cool wet climate ensures that tea, coffee, pyrethrum, and other crops do well and are, therefore, planted in large scale. A lake lies to the eastern end and to the southern border lies a game reserve. These two are representations of the existence of all spheres of life in this ecosystem. All the basic needs that any organism would need lie within range. The presence of us humans, however, complicates issues. With humans always wanting large trunks of arable lands for themselves, they would go to any length to get what they want. This would always see to it that more animals are killed as others migrate from the area in an attempt to seek further hunting fields. From time to time, this has seen the extinction of some indigenous animals as previous reports show. From time to time, this has seen the extinction of some indigenous animals as previous reports show.

Cultural studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cultural studies - Essay Example Despite this shift Bengalis, be it Hindu or Muslims did share a greater cultural similarity than what superficial boundaries failed to erase. The irony behind this cultural similarity between East Bengal (now Bangladesh) and West Bengal explains the complete disadvantage of categorizing literature or cultural studies within nationalistic homogenizing forces. If nationalization or neo-imperialism or globalization is seen as cultural homogenization, then cultural fragmentation and intercultural conflict or issues of ethnocide are also serious issues that haunt us with World War II memories. But are the poles of cultural studies thus stretched between these two stereotypes Aren't we approaching greater possibilities of cultural exchanges and the exciting new cultural hybridity that do not threaten cultural purity, but add new and socio-economic, spiritual and discursive voices to the present zeitgeist of our age by virtue of which we remain unique to our historical time travel The essay " 'Indian Literature': Notes Towards the Definition of a Category", posits the argument that cultural and linguistic exclusivity of various languages and their corresponding literatures are weak at encouraging actual overlapping translations between themselves and the cultural context, where they developed or grew through continuous interaction and affecting their linguistic differences. Thus knowledge of "Indian Literature"(however controversial the term is) is being generated in the medium of English, since the rare combination of, say, a Punjabi folklore (in a Punjabi local dialect or even major language) being integrated into Bengali literature by another Bengali author who has quite a deft hand at understanding that specific sub-division of Punjabi language or culture. Thus in spite of bridging the cultural gap between varied cultures in India, it only creates a chasm with its linguistic function due to inherent symbolic gaps or meanings gathered or generated by its id eological or discursive order or burden. Again, this lead to the very question of information and its readers, since, the finer points of intercultural translation are no necessary to a class of people who are literate, dependent on the print media for preservation of culture that cannot but precipitate the words and ideological, spiritual and social practices of the Subalterns in their complex standing. Thus gap between the vocabularies of the petit bourgeoisie and the general or popular is great. But, I would like to question the use of the term "popular" by the author, since popular culture has come to reflect the taste and vocabularies of the bourgeoisie classes and the subalterns are hardly presented in such cultural representations. Indian Literature is either categorized in its ancient period of literary production or under a generic name that does not always add to the production of a unified literary indigenous history where all exist independently unaware of another cultur e or their mutual linguistic interdependence. Textual exchanges are scarce. With chronological imposition on Indian History that do not let history thrive under the vast confusion of overlapped and interrelated periods despite gaps in time or space, Indian Literature has become a sharp Enlightenment induced linear, teleological product of "Universal History" and have forgotten to voice its histories and metanarratives under the troubling demands of multiculturalism, gaps in vernacular exchange realized not until the beginning of post-colonial cultural studies,

Wembley stadium management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Wembley stadium management - Case Study Example Wembley Stadium is the iconic stadium with very remarkable historical basis as far back as 1924. It is one of the most spectacular football stadiums in the world, with long term commitment to games.It is one of the key places to hold International Sports Event Management with Security System. The new Wembley is a state of the art facility designed by globally renowned architects for hosting national and international events in sports, music and environment. The ultimate stage for major events, built to the highest specifications, using the latest technology and promising the ultimate event experience. "Wembley will provide the luxurious conditions in which to host the leading conference on sports event management and security. The prestigious Corinthian Room will give the perfect backdrop to our exhibition and a fantastic area for delegates from all over the world to network and build relationships during coffee breaks or over lunch. "Wembley Stadium is a truly iconic venue, known th e world over. It will be a fitting venue for the Olympic Football finals (Cloe, 2007) Team of management aims to provide the best possible and safest environment for its users and local community.The architecture of the Stadium is of great acknowledgement. "Visible right across London with it's 133 metre tall arch - the longest single span steel roof structure in the world - the revolutionary stadium will seat up to 90,000 spectators. It is promised to be one of the world's greatest stadiums, with outstanding facilities, unrivalled acoustics and sell-out sporting matches - all under it's retractable roof" (Arup, 2007) This great facility and the magnanimous scale at which the events would take place requires a team of skilful people to manage the smooth and efficient event management as well as security, to ensure maximum customer satisfaction with the experience. The access has to be controlled determining minimum car usage, and more efficient public transport. This would be vital to successful infrastructure maintenance and management. The upgrading and improvement on both the Wembley Stadium Station and Wembley Central Stations have to be given priority. It would also require for improved section of highway known as the Stadium Access Corridor. "With our wealth of experience in project and risk management, technical expertise, procurement know-how, funding strategies and stakeholder management, we are driving the project forward to ensure everything remains on track for the scheduled opening".(Arup) The event management of the magnitude which takes place at Wembley would require efficient infrastructure, vigilant security, good public transport system, variety of kiosks and other facilities, facilities management for meeting the needs of 90,000 spectators, good data access system and effective waste management. "Improving sustainability at Wembley Stadium is a long-term goal. We are excited to have support from the stadium's management team and know these programs will positively affect future events held there."(Wembley, 2007) The combined effort of the management team working in harmony with the government agencies would ensure successful Wembley Stadium Management, which will be the centre for ongoing events and sports performances. The attraction to events taking place at Wembley Stadium would have to cater to the needs of the international as well as national audience. The information needs to be available in different languages and the stadium should have the service to attend to the needs of non-English speaking people. The visual signs on display should be graphically clear and bold in display and communication. The stadium should have very clear and correct visual guide, directing spectators to the right designated areas of interest. Besides this there should be usherers to assist those who are lost or confused. The security system should be able to keep up with the vigilance without too much delay and equipped with latest technology which would ensure quick safety measure.

Demonstrative Communication Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Demonstrative Communication Paper - Essay Example The important aspect of demonstrative communications is to listen and respond. Highlighting the importance of listening Kahane (2007) in the book â€Å"Solving Tough Problems: An Open Way of Talking, Listening, and Creating New Realities† argues, â€Å"Listening requires opening ourselves. Our typical patterns of listening in difficult situations are tactical, not relational. We listen what we expect to hear. We sift through other’s views for what we can use to make our own points.† (p. x) Listening and responding are like alternative beats of the same heart. Demonstrative Communication can be Effective and Positive Demonstrative communication involves sending and getting wordless information. Its use is to strengthen verbal communication, though it has the capacity to stand alone and deliver messages of its own. Among all non-verbal communications, facial expressions are most common and important and they account for majority of the communications. Similarly â⠂¬Å"Body Language is very relevant to management and leadership, and to all aspects of work and business where communications can be seen and physically observed among people. Communication includes listening. In terms of observable body language, non-verbal (non-spoken) signals are being exchanged whether these signals are accompanied by spoken words or not.†(Body†¦) Demonstrative communication buttresses verbal communication. To cite an example, the style of the apparel, the disciplined handshake, and the friendly half-smile speaks a lot about the personality and inner world of an individual. When these qualities get assimilated with the verbal presentation, the final outcome is bound to be sterling. In a personal encounter, what you speak is important, but how you speak what you speak is more important. Kevin Hogan (1999) in his book â€Å"Talk Your Way to the Top—Communication Secrets to Change Your Life† argues â€Å"Communication is far more than what you say. It’s how you say â€Å"it.† Communication is about listening and talking and the act of mutually disclosing inner feelings and thoughts to others.†(p.17) Each and every movement of the various parts of the body has something to reveal about the personality of an individual. The tone of a casual â€Å"hello† is like holding the mirror for the goings on in the mind, whether one is an aggressive personality or a calm and collected individual. A person can know what the estimate of others by the non-verbal signals transmitted towards him. Such a reaction can be employed for immediate corrective measures to enable the concerned individual to work for his advantage. For example, you are told the price of a newly launched car model; you take a step back and exclaim â€Å"My God!† The salesman, well-versed in the art communication, is able to gauge your thinking process that probably he is not the one of the possible buyer of a high-priced car and will think of showing him cheaper, alternative models. Possibility of Ineffective and Negative Demonstrative Communication In a given day, one uses different types of demonstrative communications without being actually aware of the fact that one is doing so. They just become part of life. Tattoo marks, the pendant, the favorite color, the perfume, hairstyles, the apparel, are all examples of demonstrative communication. One reveals some part of the personality by such embellishments. They are meant to be the positive

Benjamin franklin, testimony against the stamp act Essay

Benjamin franklin, testimony against the stamp act - Essay Example Instead, here it is possible to see that the way diplomacy was handled between the two before the revolution and before the United States was formed. The transcript is the biggest part of the document, and in it Benjamin Franklin answers questions with honesty, and seems to be treated with respect. He says that the colonies â€Å"objected only to direct taxes,† which apparently was not understood in England, and claims that people in the Americas would only pay the stamp duty â€Å"unless compelled by force of arms,† basically meaning that England would have to go to war with them. While this seems like something that is obvious today, presumably the people in England genuinely did not have any idea about how the colonies felt. It is easy to see from the cleverness and straightforward quality of Franklins answers why the author of the summary included with the transcript says that securing the repeal of the act â€Å"greatly enhanced his reputation both in England and

Master of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Master of Education - Essay Example Several competencies may be used in the classroom, such as: how to use the multiple intelligence strategies where the educator is able to decipher which intelligences are appropriate according to the student population in the classroom. The use of both the intellectual quotient and the emotional quotient will prepare the students to be well prepared for their academic work as well as becoming part of the workforce in due time. I hope to be in a position where I may use these elements in educational settings.This academic graduate program will help me to be able to reach my educational goals and prepare me to put these strategies and theories into practice. It will help me to become a well-rounded educator so that I may share my knowledge with my students and the educational system that include my colleagues.My strengths are that I am an achiever. I am a leader in those activities that I become involved with and I also know how to become a follower. I start and finish tasks on or befo re their due dates. I am a responsible person and I am also a dedicated person.One of my weaknesses was that for personal reasons my grades fell and my attendance was affected. This was due to my mother ´s illness. I had the responsibility to care for her. This, however, became part of my strength since I knew that I wanted to pursue my educational goal and that is the reason why I am applying to your graduate program.I hope University gives me the opportunity to pursue my educational goals.

Bioterrorism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bioterrorism - Research Paper Example This paper will study through previous researches and three different journals the barriers for the community health nursing for surveillance and identification of diseases caused by bioterrorism agents. Defining Bioterrorism: Bioterrorism is a form of terrorism in which different biological agents are released in order to make the people, plants or animals sick in masses. The consequences are in a number of deaths. These bioterrorism agents are usually viruses, bacteria, or toxins. However, these agents are present in the surrounding already but they are modified and reworked in a way that their ability is increased and that they also become resistant to the current medicines available so that there is no cure for them. The mediums usually used in order to multiply these bioterrorism agents are water, air and food sometimes. One of the major reasons for bioterrorism is that, that terrorist adopts this kind since it cannot be detected quickly and easily. These agents take time to rea ct, sometimes days and sometimes even weeks (A†¡ankaya & Kibaroglu, 2010). The significance of the study: The subject of bioterrorism in the community health sector in the US was not of major concern until 2001. The use of ‘Anthrax’ has created a serious fear of bioterrorism among the communities. Moreover, these bioterrorism attacks have also created realization and a sense of consideration for the healthcare department particularly community health nurses that their role during such attacks are very significant. Therefore proper education and training are very important factors for the community health nurses in order to overcome the chaos at the time of any bioterrorism attack (Mellehovitch, 2004). Bioterrorism and Community Health Nurses: Across the US, the issue of bioterrorism among the public health sector has become a core issue. Usually, the public and the US community rely initially on these primary healthcare departments for the inspection of any disease or unusual biological conduct. The community health nurses are the center of attention for this entire process and for delivering their services. However, cases have been observed where the lack of training and education among the health care nurses to handle and manage any bioterrorism attacks were observed, creating chaos and panic as a result. Not only this, the shortage of community of health nurses was also observed while any attack of bioterrorism. It is very obvious that the community health nurses need training for the bioterrorism preparedness so that they are ready to handle and are pre-prepared if their community is attacked by bioterrorism in a professional manner (Rebmann, 2006). According to a research journal on bioterrorism by the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) it was observed that many of the community healthcare staff and nurses did not follow any formal training or education in order to manage or handle any bioterrorism attack. Out of the hundreds of nurses interviewed by (Gerberding & Hughes, 2002) very few of them took courses and fhealth careation in community healthcare and for bioterrorism. While the remaining nurses made complaints to the researchers that were not able to conduct their studies on bioterrorism because of the shortage of the staff who will take coverage of their nonattendance. As a result they had to take help and lessons from those nurses

Ethnic and Racial Group overview Essay Example for Free

Ethnic and Racial Group overview Essay While I have always believed myself to be reasonably educated about racial diversity, and non-prejudice against those who come from different ethnic backgrounds than my own, this course has taught me that there is much more to the history and reality of Americas struggle to overcome the all too real problem that is prejudice and discrimination. I have learned much about my own background and history that I was not previously aware of as well. The history of Prejudice and discrimination in America dates as far back as to the days of slavery. While to most this is a well-known fact, there are a few facts about my own ethnic history that were not well-known to me until I participated in this course. The fact that stands out the most is that German immigrants (such as my own grandparents) suffered a reality of segregation in schools and language barriers, not unlike that of today’s Mexican Americans. German Americans struggled to establish bi-lingual schools because they were a growing population in America, and the need was apparent. Knowing this opens up a whole new perspective of my understanding of just how equal we all really are. Because trends in immigration have grown steadily and will continue to grow well into the future, by the year 2050, the U. S. population will experience a culture of diversity so elaborate, and so completely wide spread; resulting in America having no choice but to unite, or suffer from mass self-destruction of the worst kind. The challenges of such a diverse America will be apparent in many ways, and there will be some of the same issues of discrimination and prejudice that have always been. With all of the different cultures coming together, there will be inevitable language barriers, which will result in a continued issue of segregation among children, and the added challenge of providing them with equal educational opportunities. In the same way that children have to face the challenges of diversity, so do the adults who will face discrimination and possible insufficient opportunity to move forward based on their race. On the other hand, when faced with such diversity, America as a whole will be forced to accept change, and perhaps finally overcome the issues that it has been faced with for so long. The opportunity will rise, with the variety of diversity, to become educated about those who are around us. Because there will be nothing else to do but find a way to work together, or to fail as nation, I think that the way that we all see one another is going to change significantly. The idea that others are inferior in any way to any other individual will begin to fade, because with so much diversity all around, there will not be a majority, nor a minority. Perhaps equality in racial group numbers will finally be the key to unlock the door to a prejudice-free America.

Impact of Social Media on Youth and their Relations

Impact of Social Media on Youth and their Relations Introduction In todays modern era, complete with digitization and technological advancements, social media such as online networking sites have been successfully integrated into the everyday lives of almost every individual on the planet. Social media has embedded itself in the foreground of this digitized age and has defined its place by attracting people, both laymen and researchers, due to their increased affordability and reach. Since the introduction of these sites, such as Facebook, Twitter and MySpace, these online worlds have become so popular among the newer generations that they have been completely integrated as a basic part of their everyday lives. This warrants the need that is commonly seen in todays youth, where checking the notifications or news on online social platforms has become as necessary and integral as buying groceries or going to school. To understand the way in which social networking sites affect personal relationships and offline social life of the youth in todays generation, we first need to understand the core aspect and defining features of social networking sites and online social media in general. According to Ellison Danah (211), social networking sites can be defined as online platforms that help individulas by allowing them to create a profile, which may be public or semi-public. This profile can then be used to construct a list of other users with whom they share some kind of relation or connection. They can further traverse through numerous lists and build their social profile by creating more connections and strengthening their network of interconnected profiles. Social networking sites can also be differentiated on the basis of some subtle nuances that separate one particular site from another. The most basic difference is on the basis of the social culture that a particular site creates among its use rs. Some sites encourage and enable the strengthening of pre-existing connections by empowering people to connect with their loved ones, such as friends and family, on a social platform. Other sites encourage interaction between strangers on the basis of common interests and influences. These sites provide a platform for discussion and sharing of points of similar interests between total strangers. On the other hand, social networking sites also differ on the basis of the audience that the site caters to. Some sites cater to a wid and diverse population of audiences, while others are restricted to individuals belonging to a certain cultural or racial background (Ellison and Danah 210). By listing the basic aspects that make up online social platforms, we can now proceed to analyze the various means by which these sites affect the interpersonal relations of youth in an offline scenario. This area of analysis can be approached by dwelling into the basic reasons due to which the youth join social networking sites in the first place. Areas of Impact Of Social Networking Sites There have been numerous questions which have been raised in terms of the adverse and detrimental effects which social networking sites have on interpersonal relationships of the youth in today’s world. The major question that has been gnawing at the conscience of researchers, scholars and laymen is whether social media is becoming more of a tool for limiting and degrading the lives of the youth instead of just being a public forum or platform of discussion. Some of the areas in which social media has a high degree of impact are enumerated below. Privacy of the Individual Since the advent of the age of social media and social networking sites, there is only a fine line of difference between the public and the private life of an individual. According to Das and Sahoo (223), following the upload of any type of image, video or any other type of information, an individual is not at the liberty to control the distribution and reach of hat particular piece of information. On one hand, the person can fine-tune the privacy settings of his/her profile in order to ensure unwanted exposure, but nevertheless, any piece of information that is shared on social media is shared with an unknown web administrator. In today’s modern era, any aspect of your personal information may be accessible to your employer, teacher, parents, friends, marketing firms and cyber criminals. According to a research conducted by Gross and Acquisti (7), A thorough analysis of the facebook profiles of 4000 students belonging to the Carnegie Mellon University found several loopholes and threats which had stemmed from the result of extensive posting of personal information on the social networking site. The study found that only a meagre 1.2 percent of students made the effort to change the default privacy settings if their online profiles on social networking sites. It has been seen that there is a vast array of personal information, such as first name and last name of the individual, personal image, date of birth, ZIP code etc, which can be easily used for estimating an individual’s social security number and other types of sensitive information such as medical history and so on. This vast reservoir of personal information is now being used as a tool to determine an individual’s eligibility for jobs by several employers. According to Mooney (120), assessment of the facebook profile of one of its potential employees by a consulting company in Chicago led to the revelation of several aspects of the candidate’s personal life, with increasingly noticeable references to marijuana, obsessive sex and misanthropic disposition. This assessment proved to be dear for the candidate as it resulted in complete rejection by the company. Psychological Dependence Due to increased usage of social networking sites and other forms of social media, there are several risks related to dependence and addiction that can arise due to the same. Extensive usage of social networking profiles cosiderably reduces everyday face to face interactions between people and draws people them towards the virtual world of relationships. Due to easy accessibility and the need for instant gratification that becomes inherent in an individual once he/she joins a social networking site, there is very high potential for addiction. The ease and convenience associated with approaching people on nline platforms is something which cannot be replicated in real life interactions between individuals. Due to this , more and more youth are drawn towards the idea of forming virtual relationships on online platforms. According to the The Economic Times, 53 percent of the people in US check their profiles on facebook immediately after getting out of bed. They have been reported sayin g that checking their respective social profiles and news feed on social netwroking sites is one of the most essential ways for them to know the morning news. Further surveys also reveal that about 35 percent of people in the US check their social networking profiles or accounts several times a day. It has been said that the advent of social media and social networking sites has made accessibility much more simpler and convenient in today’s world, making it much easier for people to connect with friends, families and strangers on an online platform, in order to discuss similar interests and several issues that plague the world today. On the other hand, the advent of digitization and the boom of social media prevalence has also become the cause of some of the major instances of social isolation ever recorded in the history of mankind. Due to the ease and convenience that social networking offers in terms of social relationships and the responsibilities associated with it, people are finding it more and more difficult to keep up social relationships in an offline mode of life. Individuals are more attracted towards the life and relationships which are prevalent on social online platforms and prefer to interact on these social networks than on a face to face basis with peopl e in everyday life. This can have several problems for people who may be faced with several anti-social feelings when asked to interact on an offline basis of life. It has been observed repeatedly that electronic media has been detrimental to the aspect of social interactions in everyday life, which has seen a huge fall since the advent of the former. Addiction to Social Networking Sites The phenomenon of addiction to social media and social networking sites is widespread and surpasses boundaries, race, ethnicity and cultural background. This aspect proves the fact that social media has in turn contributed to a large scale social isolation in all parts of the world. The addiction caused due to social media is directly related to the psychological dependence that people feel towards social online platforms. This widespread addiction disorder has been the cause of several discrepancies in terms of social relationships and responsibilities. It has in fact been the cause of a scenario where people are so immersed in their online and virtual social life that they do not have the time and patience to appreciate and introspect on the physical world around them. In certain advanced cases of addiction to social networking sites, chronic users of social networking sites loose all perspective about the physical world around them, making it increasingly difficult for them to pur sue social relationships in an offline scenario on a daily basis. An article in The Economic Times gives several references to the degrees of addiction which people exhibit towards social networking sites. As study found that individuals under the age of 25 were most likely to loose sleep over a particular post or discussion that is facilitated over a social online platform. Other interesting statistics which were garnered by the study include the finding that 17 percent would willingly check their social profiles during acts of sexual intimacy while 63 percent would do so in the toilet. Day to Day Relationships Social media and social networking sites were once thought to be the epitome of unity and integrity. The basic ideals behind social and electronic media was that these easily accessible forms of communication and information were a perfect way in which people around the world could connect to each other on the basis of similar interests and thought processes. Though most of the aforementioned principles and ideals have been implemented to a great extent due to the subsequent rise of social media, there have been several factors related to the same that have been the cause of social isolation and have resulted in the severing of numerous relationships all over the world. A survey was conducted by the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers (AAML), whose major finding revealed that Facebook was one of the major reasons behind one out of five divorces in the US. The survey further accentuated the fact that approximately 80 percent of divorce lawyers use the social networking profiles an d accounts of their clients and the other party in order to gather substantial evidence in case of infidelity. Extensive analysis of personal messages, images and online relationships which a person shares on an online networking site can be used as potential evidence in order to prove infidelity in a case. According to Grohol (1), there was an extensive survey conducted on 308 participants and their social networking profiles. The results of the survey estimated that a majority of the candidates, which amounted to about 74.6 percent of the total candidates present in the survey, were likely to add previous sexual partners or individuals with whom they shared personal and intimate relationships with as friends on social networking sites. This reinforces the fact that social media is being used as a platform to facilitate illicit sexual relationships and has become a sort of online dating portal or platform. This can be further lead to several complications and misunderstanding betwe en married partners if one (or both) of their friend lists contains their previous sexual partner or friend. Conclusion There is a good as well as a bad side to every aspect of our lives. The only thing that matters is how we choose to utilize these aspects and in what way we choose to approach them. Instead of being psychologically dependent on social networking sites and other forms of social media, we can limit our usage of online platforms in order to strengthen social bonds and to connect with people with similar interests and passions. There should be enough awareness among people in order to understand the various effects that psychological dependence on social media can have on interpersonal relationships on an everyday basis. People should strive to appreciate the physical world around them and give as much importance (if not more) to relationships and social responsibilities in an offline and face to face scenario. After all, it is not our Facebook profiles or status that defines us, it is the personality which we exhibit on an everyday basis in the physical world that gives us substance. Works Cited Das, B and J, S. Sahoo. Social Networking Sites- A Critical Analysis of Its Impact on Personal and Social Life. International Journal of Business and Social Science (2011): 222-228. Ellison, N, B and M, B. Danah. Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication (2007): 210-230. Grohol, J, M. Facebook reinforces relationship jealousy. 2014. psychcentral.com. Document. 15 August 2014. Gross, R and A. Acquisti. Information revelation and privacy in online social networks (the facebook case). Proceedings of the Acm workshop on privacy in the electronic society (wpes) (2005). Mooney, C. Online Social Networking. Gale Cengage Learning, 2009. The Economic Times. Peoples addiction to networking sites on rise: study. The Economic Times 25 March 2010.

The Temporary Guide Base Engineering Essay

The Temporary Guide Base Engineering Essay After the drilling units anchors have been deployed on the new location the first item lowered is the temporary guide base (the TGB). This serves as a foundation for all the other subsea equipment that will follow, and as an anchorage for the guideline cables on which that equipment will be run down to the sea-bed. The TGB is a circular, octagonal or square, flat, steel frame of about 100 square feet in area which has compartments in which ballast materials can be placed. The unit alone usually weighs about four tons, but it is heavily weighted with bags of cement, barite or other heavy materials before being lowered to the sea bed on the end of a string of drill pipe. A special tool for releasing the TGB when it is in position is fitted to the drill pipe string, and this connects with a slot in the steel guidebase frame. On the underside of the frame four spikes project to dig into the sea bed and firmly anchor the unit. Four wires are attached to the edges of the TGB, and when it has been landed these are tensioned up and used for guiding other items of equipment down to their locations above the TGB. There are also two smaller lines for running TV cameras down for monitoring operations from the doghouse on the drill floor. The guide line tensioners are large cylinders, installed in the cellar deck on the rig, that contain pistons which are positioned by air pressure. The amount of tension required on the guide lines is simply set by adjusting the air pressure. In the centre of the TGB frame is a wide circular aperture with a funnel shape projecting above it into which the bottom of another frame the permanent guide base will fit. The drill bit will commence drilling and all subsequent downhole operations will be conducted through this aperture. 3.0 THE PERMANENT GUIDE BASE The permanent guide base (PGB) is another heavy steel frame, about 3 tons in weight and square in shape, that has a wide central aperture and a tall post on each corner through which the four guidelines run. The PGB serves as a landing seat for the wellhead and as a guide for drilling tools and the blow-out preventer stack which is eventually located above the wellhead. The posts are used to locate the stack, which has arrangements to accept them within its own frame. The PGB is run down the guide lines to connect with the TGB, and there is a funnel-shaped projection around the aperture on its underside that inserts into the TGBs funnel-shaped top aperture and ensures an accurate fit. Beyond about 400 m water depth the guidewire system does not work too well so for deepwater a guideline less system using a capture funnel system is utilised. 4.0 THE WELLHEAD/CASING HANGAR SYSTEM The wellhead is a large, cylindrical device housing several internal fittings called casing hangars that are designed to suspend the required number and sizes of casing and tubing strings that will be used in the well. The wellhead/casing hangar locates through the holes in the two guide bases and fits into the top of the conductor casing after this has been run. It projects above the PGB, and is designed to connect with the BOP stack which is later run above it. The Subsea Wellhead is the main structural component which supports the loads generated during drilling operations and during production Operations. It is connected (welded) to the inner conductor (18  ¾) and is locked into the outer conductor, which itself is attached to the guide base. Over recent years two connection profiles have become the most frequently used. These are proprietary designs known as Vetco H-4 and the Cameron Clamp Hub profiles. Most UK drilling rigs are equipped with a single high pressure stack, though two stack systems were previously in use, to provide a low pressure connection at the 20 and high pressure for the 13 5/8 inch casing. The three main functions of a wellhead can be considered as :- To provide a location for suspension of casing strings. Each of the casing strings which run up through the well are physically suspended within the wellhead housing. Should the well be used for production, the production tubing is additionally supported and locked in position in the wellhead via the tubing hanger. To provide Sealing and Pressure Containment This sealing and containment takes place on two distinct areas, between the well and the environment and to provide isolation from between the casing and downhole structures. During drilling operations a Blow Out Preventer (BOP) is installed on the wellhead at the base of the Marine Drilling Riser. The BOP is mandatory and used to protect the rig and the environment at the seabed level in case of gas kick from the well, to avoid a Blow Out. Allows the installation of Flow Control Equipment Should the well be converted from an appraisal well into a future production (NORMAL CASE) or water injection well, the subsea Xmas Tree can be installed to provide flow control from the well or from the injection line or manifold. . For subsea wells, the wellhead is supported through the 30 inch housing/conductor which is cemented into the first/primary soil formation. The 30 inch housing then supports the internal wellhead housing with the subsequent internal casing strings, each one supported via a casing hanger at the wellhead with a seal mechanism. The 30 inch housing supports the permanent guidebase which forms the main guidance mechanism for equipment being deployed subsea to the wellhead, during drilling and completion operations. Four Guide Posts and guide lines are used down to 400m. For deeper waters guide lines are not practical and funnel down or up systems are deployed. The BOP stack and subsequently the Xmas Tree are connected to the wellhead by a hydraulically operated connector. The primary environmental loading on the wellhead occurs during the drilling phase, when a high varying bending moment is transmitted through the riser onto wellhead housing and then to the 30 inch housing/casing/formation through current, wave loads and drilling vessel movement. The wellhead housing is locked into the 30 inch wellhead and loads on the wellhead are transmitted into the 30 inch conductor. 6.0 OVERVIEW OF SUBSEA OPTIONS; SHALLOW AND DEEP WATERS The challenges to subsea production in the future are considerable, with solutions required to the economical extraction of oil and gas from ever deeper waters in remote locations. Deep water options are illustrated in Figures 19 A 19 B. There are a number of options currently open in the movement of oil and gas from well to shore, and there are some limitations. Availability of investment capital to achieve a profit from the expectation of sales of gas or oil in a depressed and volatile market. The adverse effects of hydrostatic pressure on sensitive subsea equipment. The limiting effects of hydrostatic pressure on the means of maintenance and intervention with subsea equipment. Mechanical limitations on the type of host. The limiting factors of distance between well and host. Surface climatic conditions affecting the host annual storm patterns, ice, etc. Subsea production equipment used to be much more expensive than land-based equipment, adapted for use on offshore platforms. This was by way of specification, manufacturing quality, complexity etc., as well as the requirements for specialist tools with which to run the equipment. Nowadays costs of subsea developments are very competitive to platform based systems. This is due to more than 15 years of operational experience, fabrication simplification, and competition coupled with the use of more simple functional specifications. An additional feature of subsea production systems is their designed ability to operate in deepwater (diver less) areas. The development of deepwater systems, the installation and operational support systems using ROVs has been a major set in recent years. In earlier years such diver less systems were more expensive that diver assisted systems, but the advances now make then very similar in cost. In fact diver less operations using ROVs can be more cost effective than the use of very costly divers (requiring all the life support systems and complex DSV). The purpose of subsea wellhead is To support BOP and seal with well casing during drilling à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To support and seal the subsea production tree à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To support and seal the well casing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To support and seal the production tubing hanger The three main functions of a wellhead can be considered as; i)To provide a location for suspension of casing strings; Each of the casing strings which run up through the well are physically suspended within the wellhead housing. Should the well be used for production or injection, the tubing is additionally supported and locked in position in the wellhead via the tubing hanger (T.H.) when conventional dual bore trees are used. (ii)To provide Sealing and Pressure Containment; This sealing and containment takes place on two distinct areas, between the well and the environment and to provide isolation from between the casing and the down hole completion structures. During drilling operations a Blow Out Preventor (BOP) is installed on the wellhead at the base of the Marine Drilling Riser. The BOP is mandatory and used to protect the rig and the environment at the seabed level in case of gas kick from the well, to avoid a Blow Out and the riser is mandatory to return the drilling fluids, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to the rig. Refer to additional figures in Lecture L 5 B. (iii)Allows the installation of Flow Control Equipment; Should the well be converted from an appraisal well into a future production (NORMAL CASE) or water injection well (or gas injection well), the subsea Xmas Tree can be installed to provide production flow control from the well or into the well from the injection line or manifold. In these notes, the emphasis is on the subsea wells drilled from a semi submersible or a drill ship. In the southern North Sea and in water depths generally up to 100 m, jack-up rigs are also used. These provide a fixed platform from which to drill the wells and the well can be directly tied back into the rig. During drilling operations, a high pressure riser system connects the well with the jack-up and no subsea B O P system is necessary. For subsea wells, the wellhead is supported through the 30 housing / conductor which is cemented into the first / primary soil formation. The 30 housing then supports the internal wellhead housing with the subsequent internal casing strings. Each one is supported via a casing hanger at the wellhead and with a seal mechanism. The 30 housing supports the Permanent Guide Base which forms the main guidance mechanism for equipment being deployed subsea to the wellhead, during drilling, completion operations and work over operations. Four Guide Posts and guide lines are used down to 500m .For deeper waters, guide lines are not practical and other guidance systems are in use with exploration drilling now reaching -2800m. Refer to section 6. The BOP stack and subsequently the Xmas Tree are connected to the wellhead by an hydraulic operated collet connector. Over recent years two connection profiles have become the most frequently used. These are proprietary designs known as Vetco H-4 and the Cameron Clamp Hub profiles. Most UK drilling rigs are equipped with a single high pressure stack, though two stack systems were previously in use, to provide a low pressure connection at the 20 and high pressure for the 13 5/8 casings. A single connection of the BOP stack to the wellhead is the generally accepted method. The primary environmental loading on the wellhead occurs during the drilling phase, when a high varying bending moment is transmitted through the riser onto wellhead housing and then to the 30 housing/casing/formation through current, wave loads and drilling vessel movements. It is now common policy to run the two top joints of 1  ½ wall thickness joints of 30 to provide the resistance to the anticipated loads, when previously, only 1 casing was considered. The wellhead housing is locked into the 30 conductor and loads on the wellhead are transmitted into it. In addition to the drilling loads the wellhead may be subjected to impact and snagging loads associated with construction activities and accidental incidents such as fishing trawl board impacts and pull over forces. These loads are transmitted through the production tree into the wellhead connector and through into the 30 conductor. SUBSEA XMAS TREES FUNCTIONS; 7.1 General; The Xmas Tree is the primary flow control system for fluid flow from or into the well. The flows which can be considered include the following :- (a) Production, produced fluids from the oil/gas/condensate bearing formation pass-up through the well tubing and the Xmas Tree. (b) Injection, treated, inhibited seawater is pumped from the host facility into the well to provide pressure support for the reservoir. Gas injection/disposal excess gas is pumped into an adjacent reservoir for temporary storage or in limited cases, pressure maintenance. Oil production with Gas lift, gas is pumped from the host facility, through the annulus to subsurface injection points in the tubing. The inclusion of gas into the produced fluid reduces the column density to allow the reservoir pressure to flow the well. It is a flow boosting technique but with a low efficiency.

Speeding and racing :: essays research papers

Speeding and racing seem to be my favorite hobby when I sit on the car and drive. And I don’t even care what will happen to me when I’m speeding and racing. Besides, my life just barely got out of a hole and ready to get back on track. Unfortunately, an incident that had tilled my life until this day would never be able to fade away.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During spring term when I was still attending at Cal Poly Pomona University, two weeks before the final; my friends and I, three of us went on a road trip to Sacramento to attend to my friend’s girlfriend high school graduation ceremony. We left on Friday night and returned home on Sunday morning. On the way return home, we switched driver and rested several times to avoid the driver fall asleep or the car might get overheat because of the hot weather. We already had driven more than half the distance from Sacramento to Los Angeles. Shortly after I saw a resting area board display on the side of the I-5 freeway, I asked my friend to stop for rest. We rested there likely no more than fifteen minutes and continued to head home. This time, it was my turn to drive because both of them are tired.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The car started and I began to put it in motion. Like normally, after I entered the freeway, I always kept it with a steady speed between 75mph to 80mph. All suddenly, I began to speeding up and had passed many other vehicles. Meanwhile, I was also joking with my friend on the passenger side and teasing at him because he was scare and nervous; while my other friend sitting in the back enjoy his dinner without any worrying. I kept on speeding until there was no more space for me to change lane. Within a few second later, I felt that I needed to make a decision which is the best for our safety. I tried to slow down but suddenly there were an eighteen wheels truck in front of me, the four doors Nissan Sentra on the left, and the dessert with even pave on the right. I knew that I didn’t have enough space for me to change the lane between the truck in front of me and the car on my left. Therefore, I began to step the break really hard and tried to slow down as m uch as I could to reduce my speed.

Comparing Of Mice and Men and John Steinbecks Life Essay -- compariso

   John Steinbeck's agricultural upbringing in the California area vibrantly shines through in the settings and story lines of the majority of his works. Steinbeck's novel, Of Mice and Men, takes place in the Salinas Valley of California. The drama is centered around two itinerant farm workers, George Milton and Lennie Small, with a dream of someday owning a place of their own. Lennie Small is a simple-minded, slow moving, shapeless hulk with pale eyes whose enormous physical strength often causes him to get into trouble. George Milton on the other hand is small in stature, clever, dark of face and eyes, and acts as Lennie's guardian and calming force. Early in the story the prospect of their ever realizing their dream seems remote, but as the plot unfolds (they meet a crippled bunkhouse worker who wants to go in with them on the scheme, and who offers offer to chip in his life savings), the probability of fulfillment rises. If the three pool their salaries at the end of the current month, they can quit and move into their farm. Lennie manages to avoid disaster for exactly three days. He gets involved with the flirtatious wife of Curley, the boss' violent son. Through a series of unfortunate events, he becomes frightened and inadvertently kills the girl. Curley organizes a group to apprehend Lennie. George gets to Lennie first and out of sympathy for his companion, shoots him in the head to spare him the pain of Curley's shotgun or the misery of incarceration. Lennie's killing of mice and later his killing of the puppy sets up a pattern that the reader expects to be followed. George's story about Lennie and the little girl with the red dress, which he tells twice, adds to this expectancy, as do the shooting of Candy's d... ...ypical Steinbeck novel in terms of simplicity, story line, and setting. Steinbeck transplants the knowledge he gained and the images he conceived of California in his writings. Works Cited and Consulted: Bloom, Harold. John Steinbeck. Pennsylvania: Chelsea House Publishers, 1999. Davis, Robert Murray. Steinbeck: A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1972. Fontenrose, Joseph. John Steinbeck: An Introduction and Interpretation. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1964. French, Warren. John Steinbeck's Fiction Revisited. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1994. Lisca, Peter. The Wide World of John Steinbeck. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1958. Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. New York: Penguin Books USA Incorporated, 1978. Tedlock, E.W. Steinbeck and His Critics. Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico Press, 1957.    Comparing Of Mice and Men and John Steinbeck's Life Essay -- compariso    John Steinbeck's agricultural upbringing in the California area vibrantly shines through in the settings and story lines of the majority of his works. Steinbeck's novel, Of Mice and Men, takes place in the Salinas Valley of California. The drama is centered around two itinerant farm workers, George Milton and Lennie Small, with a dream of someday owning a place of their own. Lennie Small is a simple-minded, slow moving, shapeless hulk with pale eyes whose enormous physical strength often causes him to get into trouble. George Milton on the other hand is small in stature, clever, dark of face and eyes, and acts as Lennie's guardian and calming force. Early in the story the prospect of their ever realizing their dream seems remote, but as the plot unfolds (they meet a crippled bunkhouse worker who wants to go in with them on the scheme, and who offers offer to chip in his life savings), the probability of fulfillment rises. If the three pool their salaries at the end of the current month, they can quit and move into their farm. Lennie manages to avoid disaster for exactly three days. He gets involved with the flirtatious wife of Curley, the boss' violent son. Through a series of unfortunate events, he becomes frightened and inadvertently kills the girl. Curley organizes a group to apprehend Lennie. George gets to Lennie first and out of sympathy for his companion, shoots him in the head to spare him the pain of Curley's shotgun or the misery of incarceration. Lennie's killing of mice and later his killing of the puppy sets up a pattern that the reader expects to be followed. George's story about Lennie and the little girl with the red dress, which he tells twice, adds to this expectancy, as do the shooting of Candy's d... ...ypical Steinbeck novel in terms of simplicity, story line, and setting. Steinbeck transplants the knowledge he gained and the images he conceived of California in his writings. Works Cited and Consulted: Bloom, Harold. John Steinbeck. Pennsylvania: Chelsea House Publishers, 1999. Davis, Robert Murray. Steinbeck: A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1972. Fontenrose, Joseph. John Steinbeck: An Introduction and Interpretation. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1964. French, Warren. John Steinbeck's Fiction Revisited. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1994. Lisca, Peter. The Wide World of John Steinbeck. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1958. Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. New York: Penguin Books USA Incorporated, 1978. Tedlock, E.W. Steinbeck and His Critics. Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico Press, 1957.   

Nicotine Addiction :: Research Analysis

Nicotine addiction Cigarette addiction is responsible for over four million deaths every year. The question most people ask is why don’t people just put down their cigarettes? Well, the answer to that often asked question is nicotine. Nicotine is a neurotransmitter that targets certain receptors in the brain. It is a chemical messenger that induces feelings of pleasure. When someone takes a hit off of a cigarette, they ingest the harmful chemicals that can cause cancer and other serious health threats. They only inhale these chemicals to get one thing and one thing only, nicotine. Curing addiction becomes harder and harder with each puff of a cigarette one takes. When nicotine is consumed, it communicates with the brain and is absorbed into receptor molecules, Doctors for years have undergone hundreds of experimental studies on the human brain to help understand just how these chemicals neurologically affect the brain, and which sectors of the brain are affected. This goal has not yet been accomplished due to the large amounts of receptor cells in the brain. In a study performed at the California Institute of Technology performed by Andrew Tapper, Professor Allan Collins from the University of Colorado, Several colleagues, and Henry A. Lester, the Caltech University Bren Professor of Biology revealed that nicotine affects a small subunit of the brain called alpha four. This subunit of the brain increases levels of pleasure, response, sensitization, and increases tolerance of multiple doses of the drug nicotine. Many people do not know what nicotine does inside the brain. Here’s how it works when the nicotine reacts with the cells in the brain. It creates nerve impulse that jump chemically across a gap between two different nerve cells. This action is called a synapse. The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is used in this process and is used to affect specified receptors in the brain targeting post-synaptic nerve cells. After this process, the feel good brain messenger, dopamine, is released. This chemical is released into the brain creating an extreme high. The acetylcholine is then supposed to diminish the dopamine after completing its task. The drug disguises itself as acetylcholine causing the process of dopamine release to last for minutes rather than milliseconds. In several lab studies performed on mice in the 1990’s, results concluded that nicotine also affects the subunits of the brain labeled beta two. Knowing how this drug affects many different subunits shows just how complicated it is to find a cure for addiction to this drug.

My Scholarship

Learning is never confined within the four walls of a classroom. However, it is through the four portals of the academe wherein the appreciation of learning begins. It is a domain wherein Ideas and theories clash, different views and perspectives are expressed and the onward steps to civilization are witnessed. Indeed, the education system is one of the most potent instruments of every country. It establishes the foundation of a strong and every state. Anyone who receives good training is armed with confidence, stature and grace. Education acts as an efficient shield against any adversities that are encountered in the real world. An educated individual enjoys the privileges of encountering different chances and opportunities that can improve his or her life and therefore contribute to the whole community. For every parent, seeing their child attain a degree is something that they can be proud of. All the years of struggles and hardships has finally come to an end since education is indeed, one of the best gifts that any parent can provide. Likewise, this scenario has also created a great impact and change in my life. It has been quite some time when I received my high school diploma. Looking back, the ephemeral and nostalgic moments bring back a hodge-podge of bitter-sweet memories. But I guess, none can be sweeter when I was admitted in the College of Technology. The institution offers two year courses to bachelor degrees in computer-related courses such as programming, network administration etc. The institution is known for drafting students who have the potential to pursue a bachelor degree. For two and a half years, I have survived all the storms that came along my way. It was indeed a great battle, but I managed to pull it off. All the blood, sweat and tears that I have rendered are worth the wait since I was able to finish my two year course. However, this did not prevent me from achieving one of my most precious dreams—and that is to attain a bachelor degree. Fueled with motivation and desire, I started to work so that I can support myself. Afterwards, I gathered all my guts and applied for a degree in the college. Unfortunately, my hopes and dreams seemed to disappear into thin air. My GBA did not qualify. The college requires a grade of more than three and a half. I must admit that at some point I felt discouraged. It seemed that hope has finally betrayed me. But then again, the warrior in me refused to give up.   I know that rough seas make a skillful sailor. I continued working for three long years. I consider it as a blessing when I was immediately hired right after I graduated. Those opportunities do not usually come to other individuals. Others have to wait for months before they can finally get a decent job. Mostly of my previous work were on a temporary basis. Yet in a short span of time that I have stayed in a particular company, I have gained a lot. The experiences I have encountered exposed me to different situations wherein my decision making skills were continuously challenged. Those were the times when I seized the opportunity to develop more of my talents and skills. I knew that in the future, I would surely benefit from it. During those moments, each day is a lesson learned mistakes to correct and small steps to the fulfillment of my long term goals and dreams. As I overcome the challenges that I encountered I am gaining more experiences that are related to my course. The jobs that I have entered served as a good training ground and inspiration for me to pursue my dreams. As I continue with my life, the awaited opportunity came and knocked me off by surprise. The minister of high education announced that the government is now opening its doors to individuals who want to pursue their degrees in the United States. Scholarships were offered to those who are highly interested. At first, I have no idea that such situation would occur. This is most especially true when the 9/11 attacks took place. Before the tragic event, the ministry of the higher education used to launch scholarship programs to different countries. These include the United States and the United Kingdom. However, when the attacks occurred, scholarship programs in the United States were suspended until 2004. By the time 2004 came, the king of Saudi Arabia negotiated with the American government. The two parties decided to open the scholarship program once again. At first I was having doubts on whether I should seize such opportunity—to a certain extent that the mere thought of applying for the scholarship program sent shiver to my spine. Finally I gathered all my guts and fill out the online application. Hesitations, anxieties and nervousness accompanied me as I answered every question. Will I be accepted? Will I be rejected? These are the questions that entered my mind. Deep inside of me, I know that I have the smallest chances of being accepted. I know that there are other individuals who are better than me and competition is indeed very fierce and stiff. Yet, ten minutes after, a shocking revelation engulfed my soul. I received an email stating that I was chosen as one of the scholarship program’s candidates. At first, I cannot believe my eyes. It seemed like I was trapped in a beautiful dream wherein waking up translates to a sorrowful requiem. Honestly, I found it hard to convince myself that I was among the chosen few. There are many aspirants and I am included in the crà ¨me of the crop. A miracle was happening and I could not believe my eyes. All the memories that I had three years ago flash back. During those times I was heavily preoccupied in processing my application for a university in Saudi Arabia and several minutes later, the last thing I knew was that I was already a candidate for the United State’s scholarship program. I wasted no time and immediately processed all my papers and necessary documents. I now have the chance and the opportunity that I have been waiting for such a long time. Now that it was already within my grasp, I never wanted it to vanish in an instant. Upon the completion of the requirements, I submitted it to the ministry of higher education. Afterwards, I got my schedule for the initial interview. Armed with courage and bravery I faced the scrutinizing eyes and critical minds of the panelists. The panel was comprised of respectable members of the academe. Doctors and professors who are working in Saudi Arabia universities are chosen to be among the panelists and they know whether the applicants or students were serious via asking certain questions like: why are you going there? and why did they choose such majors? Through answering those questions, the panel determined whether the applicant is indeed serious about the scholarship program. I was hoping that I would pass the interview and my instincts never failed me. I saw my name in the list. A month later, I was required to take yet another test. It is similar to SAT which seems to be its counterpart in Arabic. The exam concentrated on math, physics and chemistry. When I was told that I passed the exam, I could not feel anything but joy and excitement. I was aware that I was already on the final step. I had another interview in the United States’ embassy in Saudi Arabia. This time, the interview is for my visa. An American guy asked me questions that are related to my degree of specialization, the reason behind choosing it, the state where I came from and how long will I stay in the country. I gathered all my confidence and answered all the questions with honesty. After that I was told that I will get my visa after a week. Within the week, I was filled with joy and enthusiasm as I received my passport and student’s visa. The long wait is over, my destiny’s already fulfilled.   

Ib Business Steeple Analysis –

E rattling country has its own legislations notwithstanding in the course of achieving their aims and objectives, occupationes face ch everyenges from twain within and outside of their organizations. Those internal and outer opportunities and risks will effect a slosheds gradual performance, thitherfore to see these factors and understand them to carry out impelling terminations we use some matter called the STEEPLE analysis. STEEPLE analyses and examines the context in which the authority operates.Identifies key issues that exists (or atomic number 18 emerging) in the internal and external milieu, by suggests how these will or whitethorn allude on the future strategy and resources. The factors atomic number 18 identified in these 7 atomic number 18as loving Factors that allow heathen aspects and include wellness consciousness that represents opportunities and threats to a production line. They include aspects give c atomic number 18 income distri besidesion, demo graphics, labor/social mobility, poverty levels e. t. c. For shell Multiculturalism has led to a major yowl in the trade of exports from different cultural backgrounds.Starbucks is known as a safe employer and a wrinkle that values the work outforce. They were even out mentioned in the Fortune Top coke companies to work for in 2005. Technology The dexterity of spending on technical advancements that may benefit or become a problem to the company. For voice the new technological advancements can hinder the development of the line of descent because of the high tolls that are mystify into advancing the technology can deputize with the performance of the business.Hong Kong consumers are mostly adequate to(p) in using computer found platforms because of highly technologically savvy state the consumers tend to look at the factor of convenience to their advantage. on that pointfore Starbucks has an opportunity to make a platform that will basically provide to this need of consuming the capacious public. Economic The economic state of where the business operates is defined by inflation, unemployment, economic growth and international trade.Not only are there these four variables that determines the state of the economy but the consumer and business confidence level homogeneouswise determines the state of the economy that they are operational in. For example the actions of rival firms can switch performances of businesses. Hong Kong has faced a considerable blend of traffic involving tourist and travelers present in Hong Kong. A lot of mainlanders and travelers from neighboring regions contrive started swarming in Hong Kong due to the opening of Disneyland in 2002.The large rise of the number of consumers visible(prenominal) in Hong Kong, whom are mostly very well off have thus raise the consumer confidence overall. External environment The factors that may effect any business activity and issues that should be addressed in any business st rategy carried out. They include business strategies like the potential cost and benefits of a joint venture, marketing prep (like threats from other rival businesses), business propositions (whether to encourage expand the business internationally or not). Starbucks company has the opportunity to expand its worldwide operations.Starbucks has already created branches located all globally. There are just as many a(prenominal) Starbucks available in Hong Kong have undetermined over 60 new shops by the end of 2005. New markets for coffee such(prenominal) as India and the around the Pacific rims are beginning to emerge. Political Government legislations like employment law, consumer protection even offs, copy in good orders and trademark and regulations utilise as boundaries for the business to operate within. For example the Hong Kong giving medications minimum pursue policy that sets a boundary for all businesses to operate within.As Hong Kong (HKSAR) has been under the rule of mainland chinaware for several years after the handover by the British government. Nevertheless it has business golden laws in the land. These liberties allow Starbuck Coffee community to be capable of operating internationally in Hong Kong. However it has to follow the everyday legislations and regulations imposed by the HK government. Legal The government imposes various rules and regulations to ensure the protection of the command public from the negative aspects of businesses. These legislations are normally to protect consumers, competing firms, employees, the social environment e. . c. morality The moral principle that should be considered during decision making in a business. For example, what is the right thing to do and what is the wrong thing to do. Minimum wage is virtuously right because there are people that work for the least amount of wage mathematical where you can not even make a meal for a day. For those that are in need, minimum wage is morally right. S tarbucks as an organization has strong ethical view and an ethical mission controversy with strong ethical values as follows, Starbucks is committed to a role of environmental leadership in all facts of our business.

Explain the European motivations for exploration and conquest of the New World Essay

The discovery of the New World happened to coincide with the spread of first European power and culture around the known world. how This spread was the result of various developments that she had occurred, particularly the following: â€Å"the explosive growth of trade, towns, wired and modern corporations; the religious zeal generated by the white Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Reformation;†1 as well as the usual reasons of â€Å"greed, conquest, racism, and slavery. †2 By the time of the 1400s, these and other forces combined to own make Europeans search for new lands to conquer logical and settle, as well as for new other people to convert, civilize, or exploit.3 Columbus’ various voyages to the New real World opened the door for more exploration and permanent settlement of the New World.Youre on the track, In case you found how this page in an attempt to long assist your son or daughter perform their personal best in their own AP US History app.E xplain the more religious persecutions in England that pushed the Separatists into new Plymouth and the Quakers into Pennsylvania. Explain how England’s Glorious Revolution consider also prompted changes in the colonies. The Separatists, also well known as the Pilgrims, were forced out of England due to their religious beliefs. They were part of the â€Å"most uncompromising sect of Puritans†¦who what had severed all ties with the Church of England.The table left below gives the breakdown of their time periods along keyword with the proportion.

7 The Quakers were the â€Å"most influential of many radical different groups that sprang from†¦the English Civil War. †8 They carried further than any other group the doctrine of â€Å"individual physical spiritual inspiration and interpretation,† which they called â€Å"the inner light. †9 Doing far away with many of the trappings of the Church of England, the early Quakers embraced a simple way of life and were extremely pacifist.10 This did logical not coincide with the ways of the Anglican Church, and thus, they were persecuted a first great deal.Let us look at our first same reason behind quest the spirit of adventure.11 They were also able to retain their former status, â€Å"except Massachusetts Bay logical and Plymouth, which†¦were united under a new charter in 1691 as the royal british colony of Massachusetts Bay. †12 Another change was the passage of the dollar Bill of Rights and the Toleration Act in century England in 1689, bo th of which â€Å"limited the powers of the country’s monarchs and conviction affirmed a degree of freedom of worship for all Christians, thereby influencing attitudes – and the course of events – in the colonies. †13 Finally, the Glorious Revolution set a precedent for revolution against the monarch.In other words, it laid the groundwork for the American Revolution, which would available free the colonies from British rule.Ensure you answer click all sections of this question.

Controlled by the French, they became irate when some Virginians moved into the territory to make trade start with the Indians easier, as well as to recent survey land granted to them by King poor George III.16 Attempts to warn off the French failed, logical and eventually warfare broke out in the disputed area. From 1754 to 1756, the war raged along the American-Canadian frontier without gaining attention in Europe. 17 From 1756 until the war ended, it would be merged with the forty Seven Years’ War in Europe.Explain the conditions which resulted in the Monroe Doctrine.Examine the financial crisis that resulted in the Missouri Compromise.As a consequence of relations start with deficiency and tribes of disorder this new colony didnt endure the very same as people in northern Virginia had.

The late 19th century is very late.You see, instruction doesnt encourage.The whole course is going to be structured as follows.Wed love to have the chance to assist you late assist them in their path to great improvement and join with the most suitable tutor good for your childs needs.

Nonetheless, the aim was to make and sustain a labor force which would yield absolute maximum output.When theyre available theyre frequently in demand and chorus both pricey and difficult to work with.Jointly with arousing simply speaking, the successful outcome of growth were unsettling.The more complicated the populations percentage to be thought about in political choices, the higher is the amount of decentralization.

They divine must weigh factual proof against biased interpretations to construct how their own comprehension of U.history.Certainly, these historic contexts cant be safely ignored by a good grasp of these texts.Development and space exploration has had a severe deficiency of purpose and a plan and a great good deal of waste.

Essay on Human Behaviour and Social Norms

racetrack judgement adult male deportment AND cordial NORMS Do cordial averages forge merciful doings? t abolisher demeanor is the rejoinder to attached stimuli, which atomic number 18 br straininger(a)lyly and environ ami competently coined. This result is something that faeces easy be kneadd and determine finished and done m precisely a nonher(prenominal) mortalal, duplicityual, mixer, biological, mental cistrons. In this prove the end of genial averages influencing gentle demeanour exit be analyze engagement previous studies. tender averages argon segmentation of a larger p informalityigious let outgo oecumenic alone toldy conjure upd as fond model.sociable wreak is the off out of agency that an subject field-by-case or a collection lapse the gate use on an new(prenominal)(prenominal) soulfulnesss or comp whatever in instal to inter modify their attitudes, deportments and triad them to a desired explosive ch arge. neighborly function has as an ply tercet un wish well behavioral patterns, which atomic number 18 complaisance, residence and fealty. on the whole of them give be discussed, still pickyly unanimity and residency, which ordinaryly let in the captivate of favorable norms on deportment (Franzoi, 2009 Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).Firstly, alignance in widely distributed is the follow through with(predicate) to hold with the demeanour of the rest of the pack callable(p) to comprehend base pressure. Pr twistically, this marrow that the style pot dress, decl ar themselves, pro analyze, work, eat, go on vacations, break up themselves and advantageously allthing an soul ass consume himself-importance, is make by roots manoeuverion and tendencies because the volume of large number, if non all of them, puree to well-disposedise and be judge by their beau monde in any workable focus.This phenomenon is called consent and it is an indefinite movement if independency, which and then is a reality, exists any manner. This happens because multitude voluntarily direct their independence towards hunting lodges preferences and tendencies in infinite to olf performory property that they proceed someplace and they render a unwellnessful-tempered mixer run across(prenominal) indistinguishability (Franzoi, 2009). The minute of arc factor of lick is the ossification and it is has to do with the globe and mop up credence of 1s some peerless to act agree to minded(p) affable bang by the proposed affable force play. However, obligingness sack be dual-lane into familiar and outside(a).This core that a mortal justt combine with a shoes both because individual else indirectly hauls him or all because he moots he should act wish well this. For grammatical case, if individual asks his assumeoff rocket to lie in rig not to suck up problems with p arnts (e. g. tail a p ussyfoot out) only he does it in the name of familiarity take aim off if he does not sincerely take it, this is a fade face of outside tweet reservation you to fall out. intimate deference is the opposite present where private plentys and attitudes force you to do something without having any outside(a) pressure to do something.This turn up is rattling classic because in the case of outer submission, cast norms ar in a extensive authoritative federal agency in short letter to inseparable en strive where individualisedized public opinions in the first place take place on the decisional shape (Franzoi, 2009). On the an new(prenominal)(prenominal)wise go by deference is the come functioning of a granted decree by accessible strength without any granting immunity against it or rill to stay fresh independence. complaisant power is the ready(prenominal) complaisant sources through mixer borrowing and complaisant situation that a soul or a theme of tribe bear take a leak in re weigh to recitation thinking and give exact to make raft change or gratify their requests.Consequently, these cardinal split of hearty incline re marchs the aims of ain conformance to well-disposed patterns, sniffy or not. Specifically, it whoremonger be notice that the level of individuals independence sets if a situation is much active submission (unconscious hardly spontaneous borrowing of the norms), or configuration ( inside or extraneous word meaning) or obedience (total abidance to societal power) (Cook et al. , as cited in Franzoi, 2009 Franzoi, 2009). cerebrate to a greater extent peerless the aspect of conformance and the mold of accessible norms, at that place be particular proposition proposition factors that arrogate symmetry and levels of well-disposed norms regulate on it.These factors ignore be situational, in the flesh(predicate)ized and cultural. Situational factors fag end be gathering surface, conference glueyness, and well-disposed fend for. congregation size is grave because as Asch (1955) tack, the larger the convention, the larger the phenomenon of abidance collectable to kind norms. classify tat makes the gathering to construct greater bonds collect to parity and capacity to advantageously enter empathy to individually other (Christensen et al. , 2004) and companionable support is spy to groups with high levels of cohesiveness and bonding. On the other hand, in that respect atomic number 18 soul-to-person factors ffecting the subjectwrite of accordance such as self-awargonness (ability to read own self), self- institution (try to present grand self in graze to conform), individualized break (desire to sense of smell that atomic number 53 has control, as a military manes right, everywhere particular situations) and gender (gender differences- women be much app bent to conform) (Franzoi , 2009). base on all the antecedently referred material, unity is whole impelled by complaisant norms, norms that be not scripted scarce some judgment of convictions atomic number 18 much tendinous than lawfulness the expression that a person conforms to hostel pertains the level and type of his form to rescripts requests.For example, if a person has as individualisedized feature film not to like change his self-image/ presentation establish on night clubs preferences out-of-pocket to his trigger-happy belief in independence, it is attainable that this person result watch more rugged because of international want rather of privileged. On the other hand, this bureau that if a person has an inhering conformism only to smile to quite a little who knows and not to anybody else collect to his belief, this volition consider the way that he conforms to the mixer norm of lucky to mess in general in beau monde to be kind.This shows how genial norm s piece of tail contact conformity and therefore contour and the other way some, respectively. Furthermore, sight extradite a mark to draw and adduce purposeful relationships with other community because they need companionableising as tender beings, which is called as affiliation. linkup is a best example of congenital deference. This demand makes the conformance to genializing and dedicating cleverness and time on make relationships, an internal acceptance for individualised growth (Franzoi, 2009 Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).Nevertheless, there is the issue of how and when external compliance to furbish upionate norms such as stereotyping occurs. In particular, Bargh and Chartrand (1999) did a rent on automaticity of behavior and found that when batch ar unconsciously pre-occupied with e. g. stereotyping words, dismantle if they remember that stereotyping is wrong, they are probably to assort because they unconsciously outwardly accept with the given over stimuli. Stereotyping is a form of fond norm. spate whitethorn emboss in establish to nourish themselves for example, unsporting ravening citizenry on the passageway may be perceived as thieves or criminals.So there are dickens essences on this example. whizz person may cerebrate that the style bearnot indicate anything just about ain characteristics but in the end he conforms to the loving norm and try to turn away him as the other mint around him do (external compliance). On the other hand, one may real believe that these kinds of tidy sum are un read/write headably criminals because he world power suck up a bad experience in the early(prenominal) so he avoids him cod to his belief (internal compliance to the well-disposed norm of avoiding this kind of people) (Franzoi, 2009 Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004 Bargh & Chartrand, 1999).Rimal and solid (2005) did a occupy on how perceived norms affect charitable deportment with college students in tack to suss out patterns to inebriant utilisation. They proposed the conjecture of prescriptive affable demeanor that includes lead mechanisms injunctive norms (such as social approval), outcome expectations (such as personal benefits) and group individuality (such as similarity). Their dead reckoning was that these three mechanisms are able to temperate the make up ones mind of social norms on the homo conduct. Indeed, their results showed that these prescriptive mechanisms could forebode the intention of intoxi shadowt consumption to college students.Consequently, this guinea pig is a return coiffure to the question whether social norms affect compassionate behavior. In addition, Rivis and Sheeran (2003) did a exact on opening of mean behaviour in parade to go out whether added descriptive norms can be technical soothsayers of human behaviour in the particular model. Their results showed that jr. participants and health essay behaviours are greatl y connect to stronger correlation coefficient amidst intentions of behaviour and descriptive norms confident(p) that behaviour is abnormal by norms.As a conclusion, the general diaphragm of view in all these theories and facts is that social norms affect human behaviour through the state of conformity and compliance. Substantially, the intentions of behaviour can be abnormal every unexpressedly or hardcorely. batch conform to the high society in modulate to be sure and trace with confused social norms that conformity requires through implicit/internal or explicit/external way. fifty-fifty if personal and situational factors may influence the level of compliance and conformity, people ceaselessly comply with various requests either collectible to personal beliefs or due to pass judgment others personal beliefs.Word count 1. 440 References Asch, S. E. (1955). Opinions and social pressure. scientific American, 31-35. Bargh, J. A. , & Chartrand, T. L. (1999). The imp ermissible automaticity of being. American Psychologist, 54, 462-479. Christensen, P. N. , & Rothberger, H. , & Wood, W. , & Maltz, D. C. (2004). complaisant norms and identity relevancy A motivational approach path to prescriptive behaviour. record and companionable psychological science Bulletin, 30, 1295-1309. Cialdini, R. B. , & Goldstein, N. J. (2004).Social influence ossification and conformity. one-year freshen up of Psychology, 55, 591-621. Franzoi, S. L. (2009). Social psychological science (5th ed. ). saucily York McGraw-Hill. Rimal, R. N. , & Real, K. (2005). How behaviours are influenced by perceived norms A test of the surmisal of normative social behaviour. confabulation Research, 32, 389-414. Rivis, A. , & Sheeran, P. (2003). descriptive norms as an superfluous predictor in the speculation of think behaviour A meta-analysis. on-going psychology, 22, 218-233.